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The R/3 Lock Concept (English )

Nous avaons parlé de la transaction SM12 eh bien attention ! il faut bien lire ce paragraphe.
Le concept de verouillage dans SAP .

The R/3 Lock Concept

Reasons for Setting LocksSuppose a travel agent want to book a flight. The customer wants to fly to a particular city with a certain airline on a certain day. The booking must only be possible if there are still free places on the flight. To avoid the possibility of overbooking, the database entry corresponding to the flight must be locked against access from other transactions. This ensures that one user can find out the number of free places, make the booking, and change the number of free places without the data being changed in the meantime by another transaction.

Lock Mechanisms in the Database System
The database system automatically sets database locks when it receives change statements (INSERT, UPDATE, MODIFY, DELETE) from a program. Database locks are physical locks on the database entries affected by these statements. You can only set a lock for an existing database entry, since the lock mechanism uses a lock flag in the entry. These flags are automatically deleted in each database commit. This means that database locks can never be set for longer than a single database LUW; in other words, a single dialog step in an R/3 application program.
Physical locks in the database system are therefore insufficient for the requirements of an R/3 transaction. Locks in the R/3 System must remain set for the duration of a whole SAP LUW, that is, over several dialog steps. They must also be capable of being handled by different work processes and even different application servers. Consequently, each lock must apply on all servers in that R/3 System.
SAP Locks
To complement the SAP LUW concept, in which bundled database changes are made in a single database LUW, the R/3 System also contains a lock mechanism, fully independent of database locks, that allows you to set a lock that spans several dialog steps. These locks are known as SAP locks.
The SAP lock concept is based on lock objects. Lock objects allow you to set an SAP lock for an entire application object. An application object consists of one or more entries in a database table, or entries from more than one database table that are linked using foreign key relationships.
Before you can set an SAP lock in an ABAP program, you must first create a lock object in the ABAP Dictionary. A lock object definition contains the database tables and their key fields on the basis of which you want to set a lock. When you create a lock object, the system automatically generates two function modules with the names ENQUEUE_ and DEQUEUE_ . You can then set and release SAP locks in your ABAP program by calling these function modules in a CALL FUNCTION statement.


See also: Example Transaction: SAP Locking.

These function modules are executed in a special enqueue work process. Within an R/3 System, enqueue work processes run on a single application server. This server maintains a central lock table for the entire R/3 System in its shared memory.
The enqueue function module sets an SAP lock by writing entries in the central lock table. If the lock cannot be set because the application object (or a part of it) is already locked, this is reflected in the return code sy-subrc. The following diagram shows the components of the R/3 System that are involved in setting a lock.
Unlike the database, which sets physical locks, the SAP lock mechanism sets logical locks. This means thatA locked database entry is not physically locked in the database table.
The lock entry is merely entered as a lock argument in the central R/3 lock table. The lock argument is made up of the primary key field values for the tables in the lock object. These are import parameters of the enqueue function module. The lock is independent of database LUWs. It is released either implicitly when the database update or the SAP transaction ends, or explicitly, using the corresponding dequeue function module. You can use a special parameter in the update function module to set the exact point at which the lock is released during the database update.

A locked entry does not necessarily have to exist in a database table.You can, for example, set a lock as a precaution for a database entry that is not written to the database until the update at the end of the SAP LUW.The effectiveness of the locks depends on cooperative application programmingSince there are no physical locks in the database tables themselves, all programs that use the same application objects must look in the central table themselves for any locks. There is no mechanism that automatically prevents a program from ignoring the locks in the lock table.Lock TypesThere are two types of lock in the R/3 System:
Shared lockShared locks (or read locks) allow you to prevent data from being changed while you are reading it. They prevent other programs from setting an exclusive lock (write lock) to change the object. It does not, however, prevent other programs from setting further read locks.Exclusive lockExclusive locks (or write locks) allow you to prevent data from being changed while you are changing it yourself. An exclusive lock, as its name suggests, locks an application object for exclusive use by the program that sets it. No other program can then set either a shared lock or an exclusive lock for the same application object.
Lock DurationWhen you set a lock, you should bear in mind that if it remains set for a long time, the availability of the object to other transactions is reduced. Whether or not this is acceptable depends on the nature of the task your program is performing.
Remember in particular that setting too many shared locks without good reason can have a considerable effect on programs that work with database tables. If several programs running concurrently all set a shared lock for the same application object in the system, it can make it almost impossible to set an exclusive lock, since the program that needs to set that lock will be unable to find any time when there are no locks at all set for that object. Conversely, a single exclusive lock prevents all other programs from reading the locked object.
At the end of an SAP LUW, you should release all locks. This either happens automatically during the database update, or explicitly, when you call the corresponding dequeue function module. Locks that are not linked to a database update are released at the end of the SAP transaction.

Install SAP

j'ai ces documents disponibles au format PDF / i have these documents in pdf Format

- Install SAP on Win MS SQL fichier PDF
- Install SAP on Win ORACLE fichier PDF

contact E-mail : hi23dz@gmail.com

Install SAP on Win MS SQL IWNSQL_A110 SR 1 1.10

Transactions SAP Basis utiles

Useful System Administration Transactions Listed below are some of the commonly used Transaction
Codes in SAP R/3.

You can use these transaction codes in the following modes :
- /n: Starts a new transaction in the same window
- /o: Starts a new transaction in a new window
- /h: Starts the transaction in Debug mode.


Les Transactions

AL01 SAP Alert Monitor
AL02 Database alert monitor
AL03 Operating system alert monitor
AL04 Monitor call distribution
AL05 Monitor current workload
AL06 Performance: Upload/Download
AL07 EarlyWatch Report
AL08 Users Logged On
AL09 Data for database expertise
AL10 Download to Early Watch
AL11 Display SAP Directories
AL12 Display table buffer (Exp. session)
AL13 Display Shared Memory (Expert mode)
AL15 Customize SAPOSCOL destination
AL16 Local Alert Monitor for Operat.Syst.
AL17 Remote Alert Monitor for Operat. Syst.
AL18 Local File System Monitor
AL19 Remote File System Monitor
AL20 EarlyWatch Data Collector List
AL21 ABAP Program analysis
AL22 Dependent objects display
CREF Cross-reference
BD64
BSVW Linkage Status Update-Workflow Event
CMOD Enhancements
DB01 Analyze exclusive lock waits
DB02 Analyze tables and indexes
DB03 Parameter changes in database
DB11 Early Watch Profile Maintenance
DB12 Overview of Backup Logs
DB13 Database administration calendar
DB14 Show SAPDBA Action Logs
DB15 Data Archiving: Database Tables
DB16 DB System Check: Monitor
DB17 DB System Check: Configuration
DMIG Start Transaction for Data Migration
DB2 Select Database Activities
DB20 DB Cost-Based Optimizer: Tab. Stats
DB21 DB Cost-Based Optimizer: Config.
DB24 Database Operations Monitor
DB26 DB Profile:Monitor and Configuration
DB2J Manage JCL jobs for OS/390
DBCO Database Connection Maintenance
FILE Cross-Client File Names/Paths
NACE WFMC: Initial Customizing Screen
OAA1 SAP ArchiveLink: Maint.user st.syst
OAA3 SAP ArchiveLink protocols
OAA4 SAP ArchiveLink applic.maintenance
OAAD ArchiveLink Administration Documents
OAC2 SAP ArchiveLink: Globaldoc. types
OAC5 SAP ArchiveLink: Bar code entry
OACA SAP ArchiveLink workflow parameters
OAD0 SAP ArchiveLink: Objectlinks
OAD2 SAP ArchiveLink document classes
OAD3 SAP ArchiveLink: Link tables
OAD4 SAP ArchiveLink: Bar code types
OAD5 SAP ArchiveLink: Customizing Wizard
OADR SAP ArchiveLink: Print list search
OAM1 SAP ArchiveLink: Monitoring
OAOR SAP ArchiveLink: Storeddocuments
OARE SAP ArchiveLink:St.syst.return codes
OS01 LAN check with ping
OS03 O/S Parameter changes
OS04 Local System Configuration
OS05 Remote System Cconfiguration
OS06 Local Operating System Activity
OS07 Remote Operating SystemActivity
OSS1 Logon to Online ServiceSystem
OY18 Table history
OY08 Development Class Overview
PFCG Activity Group
PFUD Authorization Profile comparison
RLOG Data migration logging
RZ01 Job Scheduling Monitor
RZ02 Network Graphics for SAP Instances
RZ03 Presentation, Control SAP Instances
RZ04 Maintain SAP Instances
RZ06 Alerts Thresholds Maintenance
RZ08 SAP Alert Monitor
RZ10 Maintenance of profile parameters
RZ11 Profile parameter maintenance
RZ12 Maintain RFC Server Group Assignment
RZ20 CCMS Monitoring
RZ21 Customize CCMS Alert Monitor
SA38 ABAP/4 Reporting
SAD0 Address Management call
SADC Address: Maint. communication types
SALE Display ALE Customizing
SAINT Plug-in Installation
SARI Archive Information System
SAR3 Customizing Archiving
SAR4 Define Archiving Class
SAR5 Assign Archiving Class
SAR6 Archiving Time Generator
SARA Archive management
SARL Call of ArchiveLink Monitor
SARP Reporting (Tree Structure): Execute
SART Display Reporting Tree
SB01 Business Navigator - Component View
SB02 Business Navigator - Process flow vw
SBAS Assignments to Process Model Elemts
SC38 Start Report Immediately
SCAT Computer Aided Test Tool
SCC0 Client Copy
SCC1 Client Copy - Special Selections
SCC2 Client transport
SCC3 Client Copy Log
SCC4 Client administration
SCC5 Client Delete
SCC6 Client Import
SCC7 Client Import – Post Processing
SCC8 Client Export
SCC9 Remote Client Copy
SCCL Local Client Copy
SCDO Display Change DocumentObjects
SCMP View / Table Comparison
SCOM SAPcomm: Configuration
SCON SAPconnect - Administration
SCPF Generate enterprise IMG
SCPR1 Customizing Profiles : Maintenance Tool
SCPR2 Comparing Customizing profiles
SCUA Central User Administration : Distribution Model Assigment
SCUG Central User Administration Structure Display
SCUL
SCUM Central User Administration Field Selection
SCU0 Table Analyses And Comparison
SCU1 Table Comparison - Export to Tape
SCU2 Table Comparison Against Tape
SCU3 Table History
SD11 Data Modeler
SDBE Explain an SQL Statement
SECR Audit Information System
SE01 Transport and Correction System
SE02 Environment Analyzer
SE03 Transport Utilities
SE06 Set up Workbench Organizer
SE07 Transport System Status Display
SE09 Workbench Organizer (Initial Screen)
SE10 Customizing Organizer
SE11 Data Dictionary Maintenance
SE12 Data Dictionary Display
SE13 Maintain Technical Settings (Tables)
SE14 Convert Data Dictionary tables on Database Level
SE15 Repository Info System
SE16 Display Table Content
SE17 Generate Table Display
SE30 ABAP Objects Runtime Analysis
SE32 ABAP Text Element Maintenance
SE33 Context Builder
SE35 ABAP/4 Dialog Modules
SE36 Logical databases
SE37 ABAP Function Modules
SE38 ABAP Editor
SE39 Splitscreen Editor: Program Compare
SE40 MP: Standards Maint. and Translation
SE41 Menu Painter
SE43 Maintain Area Menu
SE51 Screen Painter
SE52 Parameterized screenpainter call
SE54 Generate table view
SE55 Internal table view maintenance call
SE56 internal call: display table view
SE57 internal delete table view call
SE61 R/3 Documentation
SE62 Industry Utilities
SE63 Translation: Initial Screen
SE71 SAPscript form
SE72 SAPscript Styles
SE73 SAPscript font maintenance (revised)
SE74 SAPscript format conversion
SE75 SAPscript Settings
SE76 SAPscript: Form Translation
SE77 SAPscript Translation Styles
SE78 SAPscript: Graphics administration
SE80 Object Navigator
SE81 Application Hierarchy
SE82 Application Hierarchy
SE84 R/3 Repository Information System
SE85 ABAP/4 Repository Information System
SE86 ABAP Repository Information System
SE88 Development Coordination Info System
SE89 Maintain Trees in Information System
SE91 Maintain Messages
SE92 New SysLog Msg Maintenance as of 46A
SE93 Maintain Transaction Codes
SE94 Customer enhancement simulation
SE95 Modification Browser
SEPS SAP Electronic Parcel Service
SERP Reporting: Change Tree Structure
SEU Repository Browser
SF01 Client-Specific File Names
SFAW Field Selection Maintenance
SIAC1 Web Object Administration
SHDB Record Batch Input
SICK Installation Check
SIN1 SAPBPT: Inbox
SINA SAPBPT: Maintain Standard Config.
SLG0 Application Log: ObjectMaintenance
SLIN ABAP: Extended Program Check
SM01 Lock Transactions
SM02 System Messages
SM04 User Overview
SM12 Display and Delete Locks
SM13 Display Update Records
SM14 Update Program Administration
SM21 System log
SM23 System Log Analysis
SM28 Installation Check
SM29 Model Transfer for Tables
SM30 Call Up View Maintenance
SM31 Table maintenance
SM31_OLD Old Table Maintenance
SM32 Maintain Table Parameter ID TAB
SM33 Display Table ParameterID TAB
SM34 Viewcluster maintenancecall
SM35 Batch Input Monitoring
SM36 Batch request
SM37 Background job overview
SM38 Queue Maintenance Transaction
SM39 Job analysis
SM49 Execute Logical Commands
SM50 Work Process Overview
SM51 List of SAP Servers
SM54 TXCOM maintenance
SM55 THOST maintenance
SM56 Number Range Buffer
SM58 Asynchronous RFC Error Log
SM59 RFC Destinations (Display/Maintain)
SM60 Borrow/Return Objects
SM61
SM62
SM63 Display/Maintain Operating Mode Sets
SM64 Release of an event
SM65 Background Processing Analysis Tool
SM66 System-wide Work Process Overview
SM67 Job scheduling
SM68 Job administration
SM69 Display/Maintain Logical Commands
SMEN Dynamic menu
SMGW Gateway Monitor
SMLG Maintain Logon Group
SMLI Language import utility
SMLT Language transport utility
SMOD SAP Enhancement Management
SMT1 Trusted Systems (Display <-> Maint.)
SMT2 Trusting systems (Display <->Maint.)
SMW0 SAP Web Repository
SMX Display Own Jobs
SNRO Number Range Objects
SO02 SAPoffice: Outbox
SO03 SAPoffice: Private Folders
SO04 SAPoffice: Shared Folders
SO05 SAPoffice: Private Trash
SO06 SAPoffice: Substitutionon/off
SO07 SAPoffice: Resubmission
SO10 SAPscript: Standard Texts
SO12 SAPoffice: User Master
SO13 SAPoffice: Substitute
SO15 SAPoffice: DistributionLists
SO16 SAPoffice: Profile
SO17 SAPoffice: Delete Shared Trash
SO18 SAPoffice: Shared Trash
SO19 SAPoffice: Default Documents
SO21 Maintain PC Work Directory
SO22 SAPoffice: Delete PC Temp. Files
SO23 SAPoffice: DistributionLists
SO24 SAPoffice: Maintenance of default PC
SO28 Maintain SOGR
SO30 SAPoffice: Reorg.
SO31 Reorganization (daily)
SO36 Create Automatic Forwarding
SO38 SAPoffice: Synchr. of Folder Auths.
SO40 SAPoffice: Cust. LayoutSet MAIL
SO41 SAPoffice: Cust. LayoutSet TELEFAX
SO42 SAPoffice: Cust.Layout Set TELEFAX_K
SO43 SAPoffice: Cust.Layout Set TELEFAX_M
SO44 SAPoffice: Cust. LayoutSet TELEX
SO70 Hypertext: Display/Maint. Structure
SO71 Test plan management
SO72 Maintain Hypertext Module
SO73 Import graphic into SAPfind
SO80 SAPfind: Free Text Retrieval Dialog
SO81 SAPfind: Free Text Indexing (Test)
SO82 SAPfind: Free Text Retrieval Batch
SO95 Pregenerated Search Queries - Selec.
SO99 Put Information System
SOA0 ArchiveLink Workflow document types
SOBJ Attribute Maintenance Objects
SOLE OLE Applications
SOLI Load OLE type info
SOPE Exclude Document Classes
SOTD SAPoffice: Maintain Object Types
SOY1 SAPoffice: Mass Maint. Users
SOY2 SAPoffice: Statistics data collect.
SOY3 SAPoffice: Statistics Evaluation
SOY4 SAPoffice: Access overview
SOY5 SAPoffice: Inbox overview
SOY6 SAPoffice: Document overview
SOY7 SAPoffice: Folder overview
SOY8 SAPoffice: Mass Archiving
SOY9 SAPoffice: Inbox Reorg.
SOYA SAPoffice: Change folder owner
SP00 Spool and Relate Area
SP01 Spool Control
SP02 Display output Requests
SP03 Spool: Load Formats
SP11 TemSe Contents
SP12 TemSe Administration
SPAD Spool Management
SPAM SAP Patch Manager (SPAM)
SPAU Display Modified DE Objects
SPCC Spool Consistency check
SPDD Display Modified DDIC objects
SPHA Telephony administration
SPIC Spool : Installation Check
SPRM Current Customizing
SPRO Customizing
SQ01 SAP Query: Maintain queries
SQ02 SAP Query: Maintain funct. areas
SQ03 SAP Query: Maintain user groups
SQ07 SAP Query: Language comparison
SQVI QuickViewer
SSAA System Administration Assistant
SSCA Appointment Diary: Administration
SRZL CCMS
SSM1 Session Manager generation call
SSM5 Create Activity Group
ST01 System Trace
ST02 Setups/Tune Buffers
ST03 Performance, SAP Statistics, Workload
ST04 Select activity of the databases
ST05 SQL Trace
ST06 Operating System Monitor
ST07 Application monitor
ST08 Network Monitor
ST09 Network Alert Monitor
ST10 Table Call Statistics
ST11 Display Developer Traces
ST12 Application Monitor
ST14 Application Analysis
ST22 ABAP Runtime Error Analysis
ST22 ABAP/4 Runtime Error Analysis
ST62 Create industry short texts
STAT Local transaction statistics
STMS Transport Management System
STUN Performance Monitoring
STW1 Test Workbench: Test catalog
STW2 Test workbench: Test plan
STW3 Test workbench: Test package
STW4 Test Workbench: Edit test package
STW5 C maintenance table TTPLA
STZAC Maintain time zone act.in client
STZAD Disp.time zone activat.in client
SUMM Global User Manager
SU01 Maintain User
SU01D Display users
SU02 Maintain Authorization Profiles
SU03 Maintain Authorizations
SU05 Maintain Internet Users
SU10 Mass changes to User Master
SU11 Maintain Authorizations
SU12 Mass Changes to User Master Records
SU2 Maintain User Parameter
SU20 Maintain Authorization Fields
SU21 Maintain Authorization Objects
SU22 Auth. object usage in transactions
SU24 Disables Authorization Checks
SU25 Imports SAP Check Indicators defaults
SU26 Adjust Authorization checks
SU30 Total checks in the area of auth.
SU52 Maintain own user parameters
SU53 Display check values
SU54 List for Session Manager
SU56 Analyze User Buffer
SUPC Profiles for activity groups
SUPF Integrated User Maintenance
SUPO Maintain Organization Levels
SUIM Repository Info System
SWDC Workflow Definition
SXDA Data Transfer Workbench
TU02 Display Active Parameters
USMM Customer measurement